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Food name Side stream Component group Component Value Unit Description Reference
Nuts, unspecified Nut shells Waste compounds Heating value, high 17.23 MJ/kg Hazelnut. Corylus avellana, sample 3, samples from Trabzon, Turkey ECN Phyllis 2
Poultry Feathers, dry Waste compounds Heating value, high 24.7 MJ/kg Turkey, dry Bioenergy from feathers gasification - Efficiency and performance analysis
Olive Olive pits Waste compounds Heating value, high 17.2 MJ/kg ECN Phyllis 2
Onion Onion hulls Waste compounds Heating value, high 17.29 MJ/kg d.b. NOSHAN
Nuts, unspecified Nut seedcoat Waste compounds Heating value, high 19.3 MJ/kg Hazelnut. Biochemical composition on extractive free basis. Concentration of extractives: 19.6% (obtained with extraction with alcohol/benzene) ECN Phyllis 2
Olive Olive husk Waste compounds Heating value, high 21.2 MJ/kg Waste-to-energy possiblities for industrial olive and grape by-products in Extremadura
Coconut Coconut shell Waste compounds Heating value, high 20.56 MJ/kg Charcoal yield 41.4% at 1 MPa, fixed-C yield 30.1% ECN Phyllis 2
Nuts, unspecified Nut shells Waste compounds Heating value, high 18.21 MJ/kg Pistachio. California residues collected from producers for MFC trials ECN Phyllis 2
Olive Olive kernels Waste compounds Heating value, high 18.1 MJ/kg Fraction > 1mm. Cl calculated from ash (assuming Cl in biomass/Cl in ash = 3, like ID 1764); ash sintering starts at 750°C, fully fused at 900°C ECN Phyllis 2
Apricot Apricot stones Waste compounds Heating value, high 19.47 MJ/kg Apricot stones as waste product of canning industry, Bulgaria ECN Phyllis 2