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Food name Side stream Component group Component Value Unit Description Reference
Tomatoes Tomato residues Waste compounds Heating value, low 22.3 MJ/kg d.b. Wet Analysis of the characteristics of the tomato manufacturing residues finalized to the energy recovery
Olive Olive residue Waste compounds Heating value, low 17.8 MJ/kg Leached. Ash composition from Arvelakis et al., Biomass and Bioenergy 22 (2002) 55-69. ECN Phyllis 2
Sugar by-products, unspecified Trash Waste compounds Heating value, low 13.3 MJ/kg d.b. A techno-economic evaluation of the effects of centralized cellulosic ethanol and co-products refinery options with sugarcane mill clustering
Cabbage Cabbage Waste compounds Heating value, low 13.47 MJ/kg d.b. NOSHAN
Nuts, unspecified Nut shells Waste compounds Heating value, low 16.76 MJ/kg Pistachio ECN Phyllis 2
Grape Grape seeds Waste compounds Heating value, low 21.2 MJ/kg d.b. Analysis of the characteristics of the residues of the wine production chain finalized to their industrial and energy recovery
Olive Olive pits Waste compounds Heating value, low 20.54 MJ/kg Pitten. Country: Spain ECN Phyllis 2
Rice Rice husk Waste compounds Heating value, low 13.24 MJ/kg d.b. Variety: ROK 14 Determination of kinetic parameters of rice husks in oxygen using thermogravimetric analysis
Onion Onion hulls Waste compounds Heating value, low 16.01 MJ/kg d.b. NOSHAN
Poultry Feathers, dry Waste compounds Heating value, low 23.4 MJ/kg Turkey, dry Bioenergy from feathers gasification - Efficiency and performance analysis